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Purpose@#Subpial hemorrhage (SPH) is a subtype of intracranial hemorrhage characterized by damage to the adjacent brain parenchyma. The aim of this study was to describe the sonographic features of SPH in neonates. @*Methods@#The cranial ultrasound (US) findings of neonates with SPH confirmed by brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were analyzed retrospectively. Initial and follow-up US and MRI scans were reviewed by two pediatric radiologists who were blinded to both clinical history and outcomes. The US features were compared with the MRI findings. @*Results@#Sixteen patients were included (median gestational age, 38 weeks; range, 26 to 40 weeks; 69% term). SPH was detected most often in the temporal lobe (63%), and multiple SPHs were found in seven of 16 neonates, based on MRI. Acute SPH with an underlying venous infarct (UVI) was detected on US in 15 of 16 patients: small or large fan-shaped hyperechoic lesions (n=7 and 4, respectively) and gyriform hyperechoic lesions (n=4). The sonographic yin-yang sign was observed in three of the four large fan-shaped SPH cases. The accompanying findings on US were intraventricular hemorrhage (four out of six MRI-confirmed cases), and concurrent periventricular venous infarcts (five out of nine MRI-confirmed cases). In five patients, subpial cysts were observed on follow-up US or MRI (n=4 and n=4, respectively). @*Conclusion@#Acute SPH with UVI can appear as a peripheral fan-shaped or gyriform hyperechoic lesion on cranial US. SPH can be detected and suspected based on the US features of SPH with the accompanying findings.
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Objectives@#Social function deficit is known as a core feature of schizophrenia. This study aimed to investigate differences in empathic tendencies and theory of mind (ToM) skills between healthy controls and young individuals with schizophrenia, and to examine the associations between empathic tendencies, ToM skills and schizotypy, and executive function in schizophrenia. @*Methods@#Thirty patients with schizophrenia and 30 healthy controls were enrolled and assessed using the interpersonal relationship index (IRI; perspective taking, fantasy, empathic concern, and personal distress subscales), ToM-Picture Story Task (ToM-PST; sequence and cognitive questionnaire), Wisconsin schizotypy scale (revised physical anhedonia and perceptual aberration), and Stroop tests for empathic tendencies, ToM skills, schizotypy, and executive function. @*Results@#In individuals with schizophrenia, the IRI for perspective taking and ToM-PST score for cognitive function were lower, and the IRI for personal distress was higher than those in healthy controls. The IRIs for perspective taking and fantasy were related to revised physical anhedonia, and that for empathic concern was associated with revised physical anhedonia and perceptual aberration. The ToM-PST score for sequence was associated with the Stroop test score for schizophrenia. @*Conclusion@#These findings indicate deficits in empathic tendencies and ToM skills, which may be independently and primarily associated with schizotypy and executive function in young individuals with schizophrenia.
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Objectives@#Social function deficit is known as a core feature of schizophrenia. This study aimed to investigate differences in empathic tendencies and theory of mind (ToM) skills between healthy controls and young individuals with schizophrenia, and to examine the associations between empathic tendencies, ToM skills and schizotypy, and executive function in schizophrenia. @*Methods@#Thirty patients with schizophrenia and 30 healthy controls were enrolled and assessed using the interpersonal relationship index (IRI; perspective taking, fantasy, empathic concern, and personal distress subscales), ToM-Picture Story Task (ToM-PST; sequence and cognitive questionnaire), Wisconsin schizotypy scale (revised physical anhedonia and perceptual aberration), and Stroop tests for empathic tendencies, ToM skills, schizotypy, and executive function. @*Results@#In individuals with schizophrenia, the IRI for perspective taking and ToM-PST score for cognitive function were lower, and the IRI for personal distress was higher than those in healthy controls. The IRIs for perspective taking and fantasy were related to revised physical anhedonia, and that for empathic concern was associated with revised physical anhedonia and perceptual aberration. The ToM-PST score for sequence was associated with the Stroop test score for schizophrenia. @*Conclusion@#These findings indicate deficits in empathic tendencies and ToM skills, which may be independently and primarily associated with schizotypy and executive function in young individuals with schizophrenia.
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BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate resilience as a protective factor for depressive mood and anxiety among Korean employees. METHODS: Participants were employees of eight private and local government organizations in Korea, aged 19 to 65 years. A self-report questionnaire that included items on resilience, job stress, levels of depression and anxiety, and socio-demographic factors, was administered to 1,079 Korean employees, with 1,076 valid responses. We performed hierarchical linear regression analyses with the levels of depression and anxiety scores as dependent variables. RESULTS: Being women and having a high level of job stress were associated with greater depressive mood and anxiety. In contrast, resilience was negatively related to depressive mood and anxiety, after adjusting for demographic variables and the level of job stress. Among the five factors for resilience, “support” and “hardiness” were protective factors for depressive mood and anxiety after adjusting for demographic variables and the level of job stress. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of the current study, we suggest that focusing on the resilience of employees, especially on “support” and “hardiness,” factors as well as developing and engaging in interventions that increase resilience in the workplace, can protect against depressive mood and anxiety, especially for those with high levels of job stress.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Anxiety , Depression , Korea , Linear Models , Local Government , Occupational Health , Protective Factors , Resilience, PsychologicalABSTRACT
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) may not be considered feasible in a patient with active fungal infection due to transplant-related mortality. We report a case of HSCT performed on a 6-month-old girl, who was diagnosed with very severe aplastic anemia (vSAA) at the age of 2 months, during active invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). Despite receiving continuous antifungal treatment and multiple granulocyte infusions, her IPA was aggravated. She underwent allogeneic HSCT from a matched sibling donor using conditioning regimen of fludarabine, reduced dose of cyclophosphamide, and anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) during IPA. After neutrophil engraftment, fever subsided and IPA improved. She was continued on voriconazole for 7 months after HSCT. She is alive with normal hematopoiesis 4 years post-transplant. Our report suggests that allogeneic HSCT using conditioning regimen of fludarabine, reduced dose of cyclophosphamide, and ATG can be a feasible option for the patients with vSAA even during active fungal infection.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant , Anemia, Aplastic , Antilymphocyte Serum , Cyclophosphamide , Fever , Granulocytes , Hematopoiesis , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation , Hematopoietic Stem Cells , Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis , Mortality , Neutrophils , Siblings , Tissue DonorsABSTRACT
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) may not be considered feasible in a patient with active fungal infection due to transplant-related mortality. We report a case of HSCT performed on a 6-month-old girl, who was diagnosed with very severe aplastic anemia (vSAA) at the age of 2 months, during active invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). Despite receiving continuous antifungal treatment and multiple granulocyte infusions, her IPA was aggravated. She underwent allogeneic HSCT from a matched sibling donor using conditioning regimen of fludarabine, reduced dose of cyclophosphamide, and anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) during IPA. After neutrophil engraftment, fever subsided and IPA improved. She was continued on voriconazole for 7 months after HSCT. She is alive with normal hematopoiesis 4 years post-transplant. Our report suggests that allogeneic HSCT using conditioning regimen of fludarabine, reduced dose of cyclophosphamide, and ATG can be a feasible option for the patients with vSAA even during active fungal infection.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant , Anemia, Aplastic , Antilymphocyte Serum , Cyclophosphamide , Fever , Granulocytes , Hematopoiesis , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation , Hematopoietic Stem Cells , Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis , Mortality , Neutrophils , Siblings , Tissue DonorsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is extremely rare in children, and there have been few reports on pediatric ENKTL. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical features and treatment outcomes of pediatric ENKTL. METHODS: The study involved a review of the medical records of eight pediatric patients who were diagnosed with ENKTL. RESULTS: Among the eight patients, three were in stage I of the disease, and five were in stages II to IV. The median follow-up period was 90.8 months. Two stage I patients were nasal type, and the other six patients were non-nasal type. Two patients died within one month of diagnosis; thus, five patients underwent chemotherapy including L-asparaginase, and one patient underwent chemotherapy without L-asparaginase. All patients showed an overall response after induction chemotherapy, with four showing a complete response (CR) and two showing a partial response (PR). Two newly diagnosed patients and one relapsed patient underwent autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (aPBSCT). The five-year overall survival (OS) rate was 50%, and the five-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate was 46.9%. Ann Arbor stage was a significant prognostic factor for OS (P=0.042). CONCLUSION: Advanced-stage pediatric ENKTL was associated with a grave prognosis. However, intensive chemotherapy with L-asparaginase resulted in an overall response, and aPBSCT could be beneficial for pediatric ENKTL.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Diagnosis , Disease-Free Survival , Drug Therapy , Follow-Up Studies , Induction Chemotherapy , Korea , Lymphoma , Medical Records , Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation , PrognosisABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is extremely rare in children, and there have been few reports on pediatric ENKTL. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical features and treatment outcomes of pediatric ENKTL. METHODS: The study involved a review of the medical records of eight pediatric patients who were diagnosed with ENKTL. RESULTS: Among the eight patients, three were in stage I of the disease, and five were in stages II to IV. The median follow-up period was 90.8 months. Two stage I patients were nasal type, and the other six patients were non-nasal type. Two patients died within one month of diagnosis; thus, five patients underwent chemotherapy including L-asparaginase, and one patient underwent chemotherapy without L-asparaginase. All patients showed an overall response after induction chemotherapy, with four showing a complete response (CR) and two showing a partial response (PR). Two newly diagnosed patients and one relapsed patient underwent autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (aPBSCT). The five-year overall survival (OS) rate was 50%, and the five-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate was 46.9%. Ann Arbor stage was a significant prognostic factor for OS (P=0.042). CONCLUSION: Advanced-stage pediatric ENKTL was associated with a grave prognosis. However, intensive chemotherapy with L-asparaginase resulted in an overall response, and aPBSCT could be beneficial for pediatric ENKTL.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Diagnosis , Disease-Free Survival , Drug Therapy , Follow-Up Studies , Induction Chemotherapy , Korea , Lymphoma , Medical Records , Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation , PrognosisABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is extremely rare in children, and there have been few reports on pediatric ENKTL. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical features and treatment outcomes of pediatric ENKTL.METHODS: The study involved a review of the medical records of eight pediatric patients who were diagnosed with ENKTL.RESULTS: Among the eight patients, three were in stage I of the disease, and five were in stages II to IV. The median follow-up period was 90.8 months. Two stage I patients were nasal type, and the other six patients were non-nasal type. Two patients died within one month of diagnosis; thus, five patients underwent chemotherapy including L-asparaginase, and one patient underwent chemotherapy without L-asparaginase. All patients showed an overall response after induction chemotherapy, with four showing a complete response (CR) and two showing a partial response (PR). Two newly diagnosed patients and one relapsed patient underwent autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (aPBSCT). The five-year overall survival (OS) rate was 50%, and the five-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate was 46.9%. Ann Arbor stage was a significant prognostic factor for OS (P=0.042).CONCLUSION: Advanced-stage pediatric ENKTL was associated with a grave prognosis. However, intensive chemotherapy with L-asparaginase resulted in an overall response, and aPBSCT could be beneficial for pediatric ENKTL.